斜视是儿童的一种常见病、多发病，许多家长非常想了解有关斜视方面的知识，国内关于斜视的科普文章很多，但这篇美国儿童眼科斜视协会的文章在介绍斜视方面通俗易懂且比较全面，我们现将这篇文章介绍给大家，希望可以对家长朋友们有所帮助。哈尔滨市儿童医院眼科梁斗立

本文摘自2005年美国儿童眼科斜视协会（©2005 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus）
原文链接http://www.aapos.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=262

Strabismus斜视

What is strabismus and how common is it?
Strabismus is any misalignment of the eyes. It is estimated that 4% of the U.S. population has strabismus.
什么是斜视，以及发病率？
斜视是指所有眼位失调的问题。据估计，4％的美国人口存在斜视。

Are there different types of strabismus and if so, how are they named?
There are many different types of strabismus. Strabismus is most commonly described by the direction of the eye misalignment; common types of strabismus are esotropia, exotropia, hypotropia, and hypertropia.
是否有不同类型的斜视，如果有，它们都是什么？
斜视有许多不同类型。斜视最常见的定义是根据眼位偏斜的方向，斜视常见的类型是内斜视，外斜视，下斜视，和上斜视。

Strabismus can also be described by its cause. The 3 cranial nerves (III, IV, VI) responsible for eye movement can be weak or palsied and cause strabismus. Some examples of paralytic strabismus include third nerve palsy and superior oblique palsy.
斜视也可根据发病原因命名。3对颅神经（三，四，六）负责眼球运动，他们可以减弱或麻痹，这样就造成斜视。麻痹性斜视包括： 第三颅神经麻痹、上斜肌麻痹。

Special patterns of strabismus can have unique names such as Brown syndrome, and Duane syndrome.
斜视的特殊形式可以有独特的名称，如Brown综合症和Duane综合征。

What are the types of horizontal strabismus?
Esotropia is inward turning of the eyes (aka "crossed eyes"). Types of esotropia include infantile esotropia, accommodative esotropia, and sixth nerve palsy. Exotropia is the term used to describe outward turning of the eyes (aka "wall-eyed").
水平斜视都有哪些类型？
内斜视是眼球内转（又名“对眼”）。内斜视的类型包括小儿内斜视、调节性内斜视和第六脑神经麻痹性斜视。外斜视的症状是眼球向外转（又名“白眼”）。
 
Large-angle infantile-onset esotropia
大角度儿童内斜视
 
Child with exotropia of right eye
右眼外斜视儿童

What are the types of vertical strabismus?
The terms hypertropia and hypotropia are used to describe vertical misalignment. Hypertropia is an abnormal eye higher than the normal eye. Hypotropia is when the abnormal eye is lower than the normal eye. The terms can generally be interchanged.
垂直性斜视的类型有哪些？
下斜视和上斜视用来描述眼球垂直偏差的术语。上斜视是不正常的眼睛比正常眼高。下斜视是不正常的眼球比正常眼低，一般都可以互相转换。

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